This is how grades are done in Poland. Every student has and maintains a little book for each class, that has assignments done and grades given (with each page signed by the professor). At the end of the semester, students turn in the book to the professor. This is a stack of such books for one class. Seems like an inefficient system, as there are a lot of things for the prof to sign, and there is the assumption that the students will take their education seriously enough to not lose the book, or try to make any changes to it. The system apparently works well enough. I am much impressed with the caliber and knowledge of most students here.